{"id":10534,"date":"2012-12-01T13:54:20","date_gmt":"2012-12-01T10:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scripts.farmradio.fm\/sw\/?post_type=radio-resource-packs&p=10534"},"modified":"2017-11-04T00:07:47","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T21:07:47","slug":"jinsi-wakulima-wa-mtama-kaskazini-mwa-ghana-wanavyolima-kulingana-na-mabadiliko-ya-hali-ya-hewa","status":"publish","type":"radio-script","link":"https:\/\/scripts.farmradio.fm\/sw\/mwongozo-wa-redio\/jinsi-wakulima-wa-mtama-kaskazini-mwa-ghana-wanavyolima-kulingana-na-mabadiliko-ya-hali-ya-hewa\/","title":{"rendered":"Jinsi wakulima wa mtama kaskazini mwa Ghana wanavyolima kulingana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ndugu wasikilizaji, karibuni katika kipindi cha Dunia hamisim, <\/i>ikiwa na maana ya \u201chali ya hewa ya dunia inabadilika.\u201d Unaweza kuita mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa duniani au ongezeko la joto duniani, hili ni jambo lenye uzito mkubwa sana kwa wakulima wa kaskazini mwa Ghana. Hii ni kweli hasa kwa makazi ya shambani na jamii zinazoishi kandokando mwa mto White Volta unaoanzia Burkina Faso hadi sehemu za kaskazini mwa Ghana.
\nNilitembelea kaskazini mwa Ghana katika jamii zinazofahamika kwa kilimo cha mtama. Miongoni mwao ni Binde katika wilaya ya Mamprusi, Mkoa Kaskazini, Zebilla katika wilaya ya Bawku Mashariki, na Zaare karibu na bwawa kubwa la Vea katika wilaya ya Bolgatanga.
\nIngawaje zipo katika maeneo tofautitofauti ya mkoa, wakulima katika jamii hizi wana changamoto zinazofanana katika kulima mtama.
\nWasikilizaji, mnaelewa nini kuhusu ongezeko la joto duniani au mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa? Endelea kunitegea sikio, mimi ni mtangazaji wako, Lydia Ajono.<\/p>\n

Sauti ya kiashirio cha kipindi na kisha iondoe <\/em><\/p>\n

Mtangazaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Kwa lugha ya ki-Manpruli izungumzwayo mashariki mwa wilaya ya Mamprusi wanaita dunia hamisim<\/em>, ikiwa na maana ya \u201chali ya hewa ya dunia inabadilika.\u201d Katika lugha ya ki-Gurune izungumzwayo Bolgatanga, wanaita sanga teere<\/i>, ikiwa na maana ya \u201cmabadiliko katika majira au nyakati.\u201d Na katika lugha ya ki-Kusaal izungumzwayo Bawku Magharibi, huitwa tenlebgre<\/i>, ikiwa na maana \u201cmabadiliko katika mazingira\u201d
\nUngana nami ili kujua kile wanachokifahamu wakulima hawa kuhusu mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Kwanza tutamsikiliza mkulima Dimonso kutoka Binde mashariki mwa wilaya ya Mamprusi. Atafuatiwa na wakulima wawili kutoka Zebilla na Zaare. Lakini kwanza nilimuuliza mkulima Dimonso juu ya uzoefu wake kuhusiana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa.
\nMkulima Dimonso: \u00a0 <\/strong>Miaka ya hivi karibuni, tumekuwa tukipitia uzoefu wa matukio ya asili ambayo yanaathiri mashamba yetu na ufugaji wa mifugo. Mavuno ya mazao yamepungua sana kutokana na kukosekana kwa mvua kwa muda mrefu. Mvua inapokuja inazamisha mazao yetu na kufanya iwe vigu kustahimili. Uchomaji wa misitu umesambaa sana na hii imechangia katika tatizo. Tunadhani mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa husababisha ukame na mafuriko kwenye mashamba yetu kila mwaka. Mabadiliko haya ya hali ya hewa pia yamechangia kupotea kwa mazao kutokana na mafuriko.
\nMtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wakulima wengi katika eneo la Zebilla wanategemea mto Volta Mweusi, ambao hutoa riziki kwa jamii nyingi ziishizo kandokando mwa kingo zake. Hebu tumsikilize mkulima Kugre akizungumzia jinsi baadhi ya wakulima kutoka Zebilla wanavyo kabiliana na baadhi ya athari zinazohusishwa na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa.
\nMkulima Kugre:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sasa hivi tuanishi kwa hofu ya kuogopa kusombwa na mafuriko wakati wa msimu wa mvua, na mashamba yetu na mali zetu kuteketezwa na moto wa misitu wakati wa kiangazi. Hii sasa imekuwa sehemu ya maisha yetu hapa vijijini. Haikuwa hivi miaka 10 au 15 iliyopita. Kwa miaka ya hivi karibuni kilimo kimekuwa sio kazi ya kuvutia ya kujipatia riziki kwa sababu ya mvua hafifu. Hii ndio sababu vijana wengi wanakimbilia sehemu za kusini mwa nchi kutafuta kazi mijini.
\nMtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kutoka Zebilla, tumesikia kile alichosema mkulima Kugre kuhusu hali ya hewa inayobadilika na jinsi upepo wa kiangazi unavyoweza kusababisha moto. Sasa tumsikilize mkulima Ayamga, kutoka Zaare wilaya ya Bolgatanga.
\nMkulima Ayamga: \u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Takribani miaka 20 iliyopita, uzalishaji wa mazao hapa ulikuwa mzuri sana, hasa ule mtama wa zamani. Lakini siku hizi unaweza kuweka juhudi nyingi shambani lakini mwishoni unapata kidogo au usipate kabisa. Hii ndio sababu tunafikiri kitu fulani angani kimebadilika.
\nKinaathiri kalenda yetu ya kilimo. Sielewi jinsi ya kukielezea lakini utanielewa….(Anasita)<\/i>. Tulikuwa tumezoea kuona aina fulani ya wadudu au chungu. Baba zetu walituambia kwamba wadudu hawa walilikuwa wanatupatia taarifa juu ya aina ya msimu na rutuba ya udongo. Lakini sasa hatuwaoni hawa wadudu rafiki. Badala yake tunawaona wadudu waharibifu wengi zadi kwenye mashamba yetu.
\nMtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Baada ya kuwasikiliza wakulima hawa, tulifanya majadiliano na kikundi cha wakulima kutoka Zaare. Lakini hebu kwanza tuburudike na wimbo kutoka kwa wanawake wa Zaare. Tutakaporejea, tutasikiliza mahojiano na wakulima wawili kutoka katika kikundi cha wakulima cha Zaare. Mahojiano yalifanyika chini ya mbuyu mkubwa karibu na shule.<\/p>\n

Weka wimbo wa jumuia ya wanawake <\/em><\/p>\n

Mtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karibu tena. Unasikiliza kipindi cha Dunia hamisim<\/em> au Sanga teere.<\/em> Sasa ungana nami nikiwa Zaare na mkulima Ayamga pamoja na mkulima Nsoh. Tutawasikiliza wakizungumza juu ya athari halisi za ongezeko la joto duniani na namna tunavyoweza kukabiliana na athari zake katika kilimo cha mtama, hasa katika upande huu wa Ghana. Tunapokuwa tunaendelea kusikiliza mjadala, tafadhali kumbuka kutushirikisha kisa chako juu ya kile unachokifanya wewe na jamii yako ili kukabiliana na athari za mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Tutamsikiliza kwanza mkulima Nsoh.
\nMkulima Nsoh: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Kwa miaka ya hivi karibuni, wakulima wachache sana ndio wanaolima mtama, hii ni kwa sababu ya ukame. Mtama unahitaji mvua baada ya kuwa umeupanda. Pia unahitaji mvua baada ya kuwa umeanza kuchanua, na unahitaji mvua ya mwisho kabla ya mavuno. Lakini hilo halipo tena karibu kwa miaka 10 au 20. Majira ya mvua yamebadilika sana.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Ni kipindi gani ambapo kilimo cha mtama kilikuwa kizuri?
\nMkulima Nsoh: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Naweza kusema ni takribani miaka 50 iliyopita, wakati nilipokuwa bado kijana mdogo nikilima na baba yangu. Tulikuwa tunavuna mtama mwingi hususani mtama wa lulu ambao unakomaa baada ya miezi miwili au mitatu. Lakini kwa miaka mingi sasa mambo yamebadilika na mtama unaokomaa mapema haufanyi vizuri.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Umekuwa unafanya nini ili kuendana na mabadiliko haya? Mkulima Ayamga?
\nMkulima Ayamga: \u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Wakulima hapa Zaare sasa wameunda vikundi vya watu 20 ili kusaidiana katika misimu yote ya mvua na kiangazi. Mtama wa mapema unapandwa sana katika maeneo ya umwagiliaji. Haya ni maeneo yaliyoanzishwa na serikali miaka ya 1970, yanapita katika jumii zaidi ya 20 wilayani Bolgatanga. Eneo hili lina mifereji ambayo hutumiwa wakati wa kiangazi. Wakati wa mvua kila mkulima analima shamba analolimiliki katika eneo hili kwa ajili ya mazao ya asili na mazao mengine.
\nKatika maeneo haya, siku zote kunakuwa na unyevunyevu, hata kama mvua zisiponyesha wakati wa msimu wa mvua. Wakati wa kiangazi tunapanda soya, nyanya na mbogamboga nyingine. Mtama unapenda mbolea ya asili kuliko mbolea za kemikali. Badala hizo mbolea, tunasambaza mbolea ya wanyama ardhini. Baada ya mvua za kwanza, ardhi inalimwa kwa plau na mtama unapandwa.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kwa hiyo, hiyo humaanisha umehama kutoka katika kilimo cha kutegemea mvua na kwenda katika kilimo cha umwagiliaji?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Tunafanya vyote, lakini mtama unapandwa sana katika msimu wa mvua, kwa sababu kunakuwa hakuna mvua za kutosha kwa wakati muafaka wa kupanda mtama wa mapema. Ndege wanakula mtama wa mapema nao pia ni tatizo.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Unalima mazao ya aina ngapi?
\nMkulima Ayamga: \u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Tunalima mpunga, mtama au mawele, karanga, maharage na aina tofauti tofauti za mbogamboga. Watu wachache hulima mahindi, lakini yale yanayokomaa ndani ya miezi mitatu. Mahindi haya husaidia wakati wa upungufu wa chakula katika kipindi cha msimu wa mvua tunapokuwa tunapalilia shamba. Hata wakati mwingine tunayauza ili kuwasadia watoto kwenda shule.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngoja nikuulize Nsoh \u2026 Kama ungeambiwa kuacha kulima mtama na kujikita tu katika kulima soya ili upate pesa zaidi za kukusaidia wewe pamoja na familia yako, ungesemaje?
\nMkulima Nsoh: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Kama ningeacha kulima mtama, hasa mtama wa unaokomaa mapema ingekuwa inamaanisha kuwa sitambuliki kama mkulima. Sisi watu wa mashariki ya juu hasahasa jamii ya Frafra tunatambulika kwa kulima mtama unaokomaa mapema. Ingawaje hatupati mavuno mazuri, bado tunaendelea kufanya kila jitihada kuendelea kuupanda.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Umepanda mtama ekari ngapi mwaka huu?
\nMkulima Nsoh: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Nina takribani ekari mbili katika eneo la umwagiliaji. Nilitumia ekari moja kupanda mtama unaokomaa mapema na ule wa kawaida. Na ekari nyingine nilipanda mchele.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kwa nini ulipanda pamoja mtama wa kawaida na ule unaokomaa mapema?
\nMkulima Nsoh:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ni wazo zuri kufanya hivyo. Mtama unaokomaa mapema utavunwa kwanza. Ndani ya mwezi au miezi miwili ule mwingine utakuwa tayari kwa ajili ya mavuno katika kipande kilekile cha ardhi ambacho nilitumia mbolea.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hii itakuwa ni kazi ngumu. Unalishughulikiaje shamba?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Oo, sio kazi ya mtu mmoja. Na hiyo ndio sababu tuliunda vikundi vya wakulima ili kusaidiana kupalilia na kuandaa shamba kwa ajili ya hatua nyingine ya kulima inayofuatia.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vipi kuhusu familia yako? Je, wake zako wanakusaidia?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Ndio, wananisaidia wakati wa kupanda kwa kufukuza ndege. Lakini pia nao wana mashamba yoa na tunawasaidia.
\nMhojaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Licha ya kusisitiza kilimo cha mtama ili kulinda aina ya mtama ya asili, shughuli gani nyingine unazozifanya wewe na wenzako ili kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Kwa kweli, takribani kila familia katika Zaare, wanajamii \u2013 wote wanaume na wanawake sasa hivi wanasuka vikapu. Ni vikapu hivi ndivyo kwa kweli vinavyowalisha wana jamii kuliko ulimaji wa mazao. Hii ni kwa sababu mabadiliko haya ya hali ya hewa, sasa inafanya kilimo kiwe ni shughuli ya kupoteza pesa.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Unaona nini katika kilimo cha mtama miaka 10 ijayo kuanzia sasa?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Kusema kweli, kama watu wa ofisi ya kilimo hawatakuja na msaada wa kitaalam au kutoa fedha kwa wakulima wa hapa, sioni kama utaendelea kulimwa kwa kiwango kikubwa kama tulivyokuwa tukilima miaka ya 50. Tutaendelea kuulima katika maeneo haya madogo kwa ajili ya kulisha familia zetu. Lakini hicho hakitoshi kulisha watu wote katika eneo la Bolgatanga. Kwa hiyo tunahitaji msaada kutoka serikalini na kutoka kwa wadau wengine wanopenda kilimo.
\nMhojaji :<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unadhani kupata taarifa za mara kwa mara juu ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na athari zake, na mapendekezo juu ya mbinu za kilimo, kutakufanya uendelee kulima mtama?
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Kukutana na watu wa redio kama wewe kumetupatia mawazo kadhaa ambayo tutayatumia wakati wa mikutano yetu ya wakulima. Pia kunatusaidia kujadili changamoto zetu na wadau wengine wanaoweza kututembelea.
\nMhojaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Asante sana kwa kushirikiana nami. Tutaendelea kukuletea taarifa zaidi kupitia redio juu ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa.
\nMkulima Ayamga:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Nasi pia tunakushukuru.
\nMtangazaji:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dunia hamisim<\/i> au Sanga teere<\/i> kilikuwa kipindi cha kwanza katika mfululizo wa vipindi vyetu juu ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Mjadala wa leo ulikuwa juu ya athari za mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa katika zao la mtama, na jamii yetu ya kwanza ilikuwa Zaare katika eneo la Bolgatanga Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu nchini Ghana.
\nHadi wakati mwingine, napenda kuwashukuru wanajamii wote na timu ya ufundi ambao wamenisaidia katika kuandaa kipindi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mtangazaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ndugu wasikilizaji, karibuni katika kipindi cha Dunia hamisim, ikiwa na maana ya \u201chali ya hewa ya dunia inabadilika.\u201d Unaweza kuita mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa duniani au ongezeko la joto duniani, hili ni jambo lenye uzito mkubwa sana kwa wakulima wa kaskazini mwa Ghana. Hii ni kweli hasa kwa makazi ya shambani na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":142,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_integration_method":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_source":"","beyondwords_output":"","beyondwords_script_template_id":"","beyondwords_video_template_id":"","beyondwords_video_size":"","beyondwords_embed":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":""},"script-format":[517],"package":[732],"script-category":[],"class_list":["post-10534","radio-script","type-radio-script","status-publish","hentry","script-format-mahojiano","package-732"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJinsi wakulima wa mtama kaskazini mwa Ghana wanavyolima kulingana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa - Farm Radio International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scripts.farmradio.fm\/sw\/mwongozo-wa-redio\/jinsi-wakulima-wa-mtama-kaskazini-mwa-ghana-wanavyolima-kulingana-na-mabadiliko-ya-hali-ya-hewa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jinsi wakulima wa mtama kaskazini mwa Ghana wanavyolima kulingana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa - Farm Radio International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mtangazaji: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ndugu wasikilizaji, karibuni katika kipindi cha Dunia hamisim, ikiwa na maana ya \u201chali ya hewa ya dunia inabadilika.\u201d Unaweza kuita mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa duniani au ongezeko la joto duniani, hili ni jambo lenye uzito mkubwa sana kwa wakulima wa kaskazini mwa Ghana. 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