{"id":5829,"date":"1995-10-01T13:40:40","date_gmt":"1995-10-01T10:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/frrp.wpengine.com\/?post_type=radio-resource-packs&p=5829"},"modified":"2020-01-14T00:12:17","modified_gmt":"2020-01-13T21:12:17","slug":"entreposage-des-pommes-de-terre-de-semence","status":"publish","type":"radio-script","link":"https:\/\/scripts.farmradio.fm\/fr\/texte-radiophonique\/entreposage-des-pommes-de-terre-de-semence\/","title":{"rendered":"Entreposage des pommes de terre de semence"},"content":{"rendered":"

Enregistrez et r\u00e9visez cette ressource sous forme de document Word.<\/a><\/p>\n

La pomme de terre repr\u00e9sente une culture de base dans quelque 130 pays, et elle se classe au quatri\u00e8me rang pour la production derri\u00e8re le bl\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et le riz. Au P\u00e9rou, elle constitue une importante source alimentaire et la principale culture des hautes terres andines. Les petits agriculteurs ont coutume de stocker leurs pommes de terre \u00e0 la maison dans l’obscurit\u00e9 afin de pr\u00e9venir le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne du verdissement. Les pommes de terre ainsi entrepos\u00e9es servent de pommes de terre de semence pour la prochaine plantation ou sont destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la vente et \u00e0 l’autoconsommation. Le stockage au noir peut cependant poser des probl\u00e8mes dans les basses terres et les zones littorales plus chaudes, car il est susceptible de causer une germination excessive (auquel cas les pommes de terre doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9germ\u00e9es avant d’\u00eatre plant\u00e9es) et de multiplier les pertes dues aux insectes.<\/p>\n

Le Centre international de la pomme de terre (CIP) au P\u00e9rou a con\u00e7u, dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche plus vaste consacr\u00e9 aux technologies de post production de la pomme de terre, une m\u00e9thode peu co\u00fbteuse et simple d’am\u00e9lioration du stockage des pommes de terre de semence. Cette m\u00e9thode dite de stockage \u00e0 lumi\u00e8re diffuse (SLD) consiste \u00e0 entreposer des pommes de terre par minces couches sur des rayonnages ou des plateaux dans des conditions d’\u00e9clairage naturel par lumi\u00e8re diffuse (indirecte) et de bonne ventilation.<\/p>\n

Le grand inconv\u00e9nient de cette m\u00e9thode pour les petits agriculteurs est que la lumi\u00e8re diffuse verdira les pommes de terre, les rendant impropres \u00e0 la consommation. Il ne peut donc servir qu’au stockage des pommes de terre de semence.<\/p>\n

Cette simple technique a de nombreux avantages. Elle peut r\u00e9duire les pertes pond\u00e9rales des tubercules en entreposage, accro\u00eetre la r\u00e9sistance aux ravageurs, permettre un stockage prolong\u00e9. Elle peut aussi augmenter les rendements (de 15 % \u00e0 30 %) et att\u00e9nuer la germination. Les agriculteurs peuvent se servir de leurs propres pommes de terre de semence pour leurs plantations, soustrayant ainsi leur activit\u00e9 \u00e0 la chert\u00e9 des semences commerciales en saison de plantation. Ils ont plus de latitude pour choisir le moment de la plantation et n’ont pas \u00e0 d\u00e9germer les tubercules dont l’op\u00e9ration peut demander jusqu’\u00e0 cinq jours personnes par hectare.<\/p>\n

Les agriculteurs ont adapt\u00e9 l’entreposage \u00e0 lumi\u00e8re diffuse \u00e0 leurs besoins propres et accumul\u00e9 les connaissances en la mati\u00e8re. Ils ont souvent utilis\u00e9 des corridors, des v\u00e9randas, des greniers, des terrasses, des hangars, etc., essayant diverses possibilit\u00e9s et ne reproduisant que rarement les mod\u00e8les des agents de vulgarisation. Dans ces applications, la technologie a vari\u00e9 entre une exposition devant les fen\u00eatres d’un b\u00e2timent et l’utilisation d’un entrep\u00f4t \u00e0 lumi\u00e8re diffuse d’une capacit\u00e9 de 100 tonnes par une coop\u00e9rative de producteurs.<\/p>\n

En 1984, 4 000 agriculteurs de 16 pays, entre autres de la Colombie, du Guatemala, du P\u00e9rou, du Sri Lanka et des Philippines, avaient adopt\u00e9 un tel mode d’entreposage pour leurs pommes de terre de semence. Ils ont mis au point un large \u00e9ventail d’am\u00e9nagements de stockage \u00e0 lumi\u00e8re diffuse et ont presque tous continu\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser cette technique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Enregistrez et r\u00e9visez cette ressource sous forme de document Word. La pomme de terre repr\u00e9sente une culture de base dans quelque 130 pays, et elle se classe au quatri\u00e8me rang pour la production derri\u00e8re le bl\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et le riz. Au P\u00e9rou, elle constitue une importante source alimentaire et la principale culture des hautes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":142,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_integration_method":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_source":"","beyondwords_output":"","beyondwords_script_template_id":"","beyondwords_video_template_id":"","beyondwords_video_size":"","beyondwords_embed":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":""},"script-format":[487],"package":[718],"script-category":[450],"class_list":["post-5829","radio-script","type-radio-script","status-publish","hentry","script-format-fiche-documentaire","package-718","script-category-activites-apres-recolte"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEntreposage des pommes de terre de semence - Farm Radio Scripts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scripts.farmradio.fm\/fr\/texte-radiophonique\/entreposage-des-pommes-de-terre-de-semence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entreposage des pommes de terre de semence - Farm Radio Scripts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Enregistrez et r\u00e9visez cette ressource sous forme de document Word. 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